Improvement in composition pavements



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UNITED STATES PATENT llIGE.v

JOHN P. CRANFORD, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND NATHANB. ABBOTT, OF SAME PLAGE.

IMPROVEMENT IN COMPOSITION PAVEMENTS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 210,101, dated November19, 1878 application filed March 1, 1878.

To all 'whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN P. CRANFORD, of Brooklyn, in the county ofKings and State of New York,have inventedan Improvement in CompositionPavements. of which the following is a specication:

Pavements have been made with foundations of stone or of wood, coveredbya surface of asphalt or other bituminous material and sand or gravel,and this character of a surface is very durable when properly laid; butwhen the pavement is wet the horses shoes sometimes slip upon the same.Thisis particularly the case when the shoes are old and worn, and freefrom calks or projections.

The object of the present invention is to lessen the risk of slippingupon the composition pavement, and not injure the character of suchpavement.

In the drawing, Figure l is a section, and Fig. 2 a plan illustrating`my improvement.

The foundation a is to be of concrete, broken stones, paving-stones,wooden blocks, or other suitable support for the layer or layers ofasphalt composition b forming the surface of the pavement. Thischaracter of pavement, being known, requires no further description.

Before the composition pavement b is solidified by rolling or otherwise,the small cubes, blocks, or pieces c of stone are scattered or placedover either the entire surface or in one or more lines longitudinally ofthe street. They are to be of granite orother hard, durable material,and are preferably-coated with a bituminous compound, and in a hotcondition.

The composition is now consolidated by rolling, ramming, or otherwise,and the street is rendered smooth; but the stones are level with thesurface thereof, and by the action of the wheels and the slight abrasiondue to the travel these stones become exposed sufficiently to form afoot-hold for horses to prevent slipping. This result is attained by thestones because their surfaces are of a different texture to thecomposition pavement, and the variety in the texture and any slightinequalities in the surface give better foot-hold in wet weather thaneither material would if used separatel y.

By scattering or placing the blocks upon the composition in lineslongitudinallyof the street and in positions where the horses wouldtravel, the same, become a foot-hold for the horses 5 but the Wheelswill run upon the composition at the sides of the horseway.

The stones may be in the form of cubes, strips, or spalls, and laid withmore or less regularity; and where it is desired to make the stonesurface equal, or nearly so, to the bituminous in portions or the wholeof the street, the same may be done by laying down' strips of granite,slate, flagstone, or other suitable material, in regular order, upon thebituminous material and rolling and consolidating the material, asaforesaid.

I am aware that pavements have been made of stone with bituminousmaterial poured upon the same and rolled; also, that sand, gravel, orpulverized stone has been scattered upon pavement that has beenpreviously rolled, so as to prevent the'surface becoming soft. In mymethod of laying, the bituminous material is not covered, but forms theprincipal portion' of the surface, and the pieces of stone or similarmaterial are laid in such bituminous material before the same isconsolidated, so as to be firmly embedded therein.

I claim as my invention- The method herein specified of layingbituminous pavement upon a suitable foundation, consisting in spreadingthe bituminous material, and then placing upon the same blocks or piecesof stone, and consolidating the same by ramming or rolling,substantially as set forth.

Signed by me this 27th day of February, A. D. 1878.

JOHN P. CRAN FORD.

Witnesses:

Gno. T. PINGKNEY, Guns. H.. SMITH.

